# Chapter 44. Devices

#### Contents:

Quick Introduction to Hardware
Reading Kernel Boot Output
Basic Kernel Configuration
Disk Partitioning
Filesystem Types and /etc/fstab
Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems
Loopback Mounts
Network Devices -- ifconfig
Mounting Network Filesystems -- NFS, SMBFS
Win Is a Modem Not a Modem?
Setting Up a Dialup PPP Session
USB Configuration
Dealing with Sound Cards and Other Annoying Hardware
Decapitating Your Machine -- Serial Consoles

## 44.1. Quick Introduction to Hardware

Your Unix machine can likely talk to a wide collection of hardware: disk controllers and disks (Section 44.4, Section 44.5), CD-ROMs (Section 44.6), ethernet cards (Section 44.8), modems (Section 44.10), sound cards (Section 44.13), and so on. Each device needs its own little piece of software within the kernel, called a device driver. Some device drivers are simple, and some are very complex; some cover multiple devices, and some are specific to one particular piece of hardware.

Many modern Unix platforms use loadable kernel modules for most device drivers, so that drivers can be loaded at run time rather than compiled into the kernel.

Many devices also have user-space tools to configure them, like ifconfig (Section 44.8) for network devices (Section 44.6, Section 44.7), mount (Section 44.9) for disks and so forth.

In this chapter we'll give you the whirlwind overview of devices on Unix. Since there are so many devices and so many platforms, we'll gloss over a lot of details, but hopefully this will give you enough to get started with and a few hints as to where to find more information.

-- DJPH

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