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# Index: L

l command (sed): 5.6. List (sed & awk)
  10.5. Alphabetical Summary of sed Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
-L file attribute operator: 5.1.4.3. File attribute checking (Learning the Korn Shell)
L (last line) command: 3.1.4. Movement Within a Screen (Learning the vi Editor)
\l metacharacter: 6.3.3. Metacharacters Used in Replacement Strings (Learning the vi Editor)
l (move cursor) command: 2.2.1. Single Movements (Learning the vi Editor)
  3.1.5.1. Movement on the current line (Learning the vi Editor)
-l option
  to hist command: 2.5. The hist Command (Learning the Korn Shell)
  to jobs command: 8.2.1. Foreground and Background (Learning the Korn Shell)
  to kill command: 8.3. Signals (Learning the Korn Shell)
  to ls command: 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards (Learning the Korn Shell)
-l option (ls): 5.2.1. grep (Learning Unix)
-l string formatting option: 6.5.2. String Formatting Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
la function: 29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options (Unix Power Tools)
labels: 6.4. Advanced Flow Control Commands (sed & awk)
lambda statement (Python): 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
lambda statements (Python)
  as function arguments: 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
LANG shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
last access time for files: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
  deleting files by: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files (Unix Power Tools)
:last command (elvis, vim): 5.5.2. Using the Argument List (Learning the vi Editor)
last line of a file (ed and sed), referring to with $: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $ (Unix Power Tools)
last line of file
  $ symbol for (ex): 5.2.3. Line Addressing Symbols (Learning the vi Editor)
  moving to: 3.1.4. Movement Within a Screen (Learning the vi Editor)
last modification time for files: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size (Unix Power Tools)
  8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size (Unix Power Tools)
  (see also timestamps)
last operator (Perl): 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
lastcomm command: 26.3. What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take? (Unix Power Tools)
  piping output or redirecting to a file: 26.3. What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take? (Unix Power Tools)
latency utility: 8.1.3. latency (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
LATEX: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On (Unix Power Tools)
Latin-1 character set
  converting files to: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
Layer 3 Internet Protocol (IP): 46.1. TCP/IP — IP Addresses and Ports (Unix Power Tools)
Layer 4 protocols: 46.1. TCP/IP — IP Addresses and Ports (Unix Power Tools)
  46.1.2. Layer 4 Protocols: TCP, UDP, and ICMP (Unix Power Tools)
layers
  multiple, controlling from one terminal: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  in windowing terminals, resetting: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
layers command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
LC_MESSAGES variable: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lc operator: 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
LC_ALL shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
LC_COLLATE shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
LC_CTYPE shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
lcd command (FTP): 6.4.2.1. Command-line ftp (Learning Unix)
LC_NUMERIC shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
-lcurses routine: 5.2. The System Library: libSystem (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
ld command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
LDAP server for system passwords: 47.3. Securing Samba (Unix Power Tools)
LDAPv2/LDAPv3 protocols: 3.3. Configuring Directory Services (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
ldd command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
-le arithmetic comparison operator: 5.1.4.4. Arithmetic conditionals (Learning the Korn Shell)
leave function: 4.11. Right-Side Prompts (Unix Power Tools)
left angle bracket (<): 7.1. I/O Redirectors (Learning the Korn Shell)
  ex command: 9.2. Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  less than operator: 4.4.1. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
    5.4.1.4. Comparison operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
    11.5. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
  redirection operator: 4.2.5.1. Simple redirection (Unix in a Nutshell)
  <& (file descriptor): 4.2.5.2. Redirection using file descriptors (Unix in a Nutshell)
  << redirection operator: 4.2.5.1. Simple redirection (Unix in a Nutshell)
  <<= assignment operator: 4.4.1. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
  <> redirection operator: 4.2.5.1. Simple redirection (Unix in a Nutshell)
  <= less than or equal operator: 4.4.1. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
    5.4.1.4. Comparison operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
    11.5. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
  << bitwise shift operator: 4.4.1. Operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
    5.4.1.3. Bitwise and logical operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
leftright option (nvi): 8.6.5. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
  9.8.6. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
left/right scrolling: 8.6.5. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
  elvis editor: 10.8.5. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
  nvi editor: 9.8.6. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
  vile editor: 12.8.6. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
  vim editor: 11.8.6. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) coding: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
length( ): 9.2. String Functions (sed & awk)
  9.2.2. String Length (sed & awk)
length command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
length function (awk): 11.10. Alphabetical Summary of Functions and Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
length operators: 4.5.6. Length Operators (Learning the Korn Shell)
length, string: 9.2.2. String Length (sed & awk)
lensort script: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length (Unix Power Tools)
less than sign (<)
  <= (less than or equal to) operator: 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
    7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
  relational operator: 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
    7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
less command: 1.6.7. Working with Files and Directories (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  highlighting matched patterns: 13.16. A Highlighting grep (Unix Power Tools)
  zless, for compressed files: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space (Unix Power Tools)
LESS environment variable: 3.2. Looking Inside Files with less (Learning Unix)
  3.7. Customizing Your Account (Learning Unix)
less program: 3.2. Looking Inside Files with less (Learning Unix)
  5.2.3. Piping to a Pager (Learning Unix)
  1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together (Unix Power Tools)
  12.3. "less" is More (Unix Power Tools)
  12.3. "less" is More (Unix Power Tools)
  -N option, numbering lines with: 12.13. Numbering Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  -s option for squashing extra blank lines: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  PAGER environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
  piping ls command output to: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R (Unix Power Tools)
  piping to: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager (Unix Power Tools)
  wildcards and: 4.2. File and Directory Wildcards (Learning Unix)
less than (<) operator: 36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
  41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
less than or equal to (<=) operator: 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
lesskey program: 12.3. "less" is More (Unix Power Tools)
let command: 6.2.3. Arithmetic Variables and Assignment (Learning the Korn Shell)
  6.2.3. Arithmetic Variables and Assignment (Learning the Korn Shell)
  4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
letter-sized pages: 45.7. Formatting Plain Text: enscript (Unix Power Tools)
letters, ASCII class for: 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes (Unix Power Tools)
lex command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  (see also yacc command)
lexical analysis programs, generating: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lexical analyzer (lex): 16.8. Looking for Closure (Unix Power Tools)
lexical analyzers, flex/flex++ tools for: 1.6.1. Standard Unix Development Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
lf function: 29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options (Unix Power Tools)
  29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options (Unix Power Tools)
/libdirectory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories (Unix Power Tools)
libraries: 5.2. The System Library: libSystem (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  lists of: 5.7. Interesting and Important Libraries (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  loading dynamically: 5.3.2. Dynamically Loading Libraries (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  Perl modules
    using in scripts: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy (Unix Power Tools)
  shell functions: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts (Unix Power Tools)
  static: 5.5. Creating and Linking Static Libraries (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  version numbering for: 5.4. Library Versions (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
/Library directory: A.1.2. The /System/Library Directory (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  A.1.3. The /Library Directory (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
library of functions: 9.3.2. Maintaining a Function Library (sed & awk)
/Library/StartupItems directory: 2.1.4. SystemStarter (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
libSystem: 5.2. The System Library: libSystem (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
licenses
  Citrix: 47.9. Citrix: Making Windows Multiuser (Unix Power Tools)
  Microsoft, in a WTS environment: 47.9. Citrix: Making Windows Multiuser (Unix Power Tools)
lightweight varieties of Unix: 1.3. The Core of Unix (Unix Power Tools)
limit and ulimit system calls: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit (Unix Power Tools)
limit command: 5.8. Built-in C Shell Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
limitations to awk: 10.8. Limitations (sed & awk)
limiting the match extent: 3.2.13. Limiting the Extent (sed & awk)
line #: ;; unexpected error: 37.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc. (Unix Power Tools)
line addresses: 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed (sed & awk)
  2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed (sed & awk)
  4.2. A Global Perspective on Addressing (sed & awk)
  5.1. About the Syntax of sed Commands (sed & awk)
  printing with =: 5.9. Print Line Number (sed & awk)
line breaks, nroff/troff requests and: 12.3.4. Requests That Cause a Line Break (Unix in a Nutshell)
line-by-line and search using sed, awk, or perl: 13.10. Compound Searches (Unix Power Tools)
line command: 1.6.6. Scripting and Shell Programming (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
line commands in vi: 17.26. vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands (Unix Power Tools)
line-edit mode: 4.5.1. Line-Edit Mode (Unix in a Nutshell)
line-editing mode: 1.1.2. Problems Opening Files (Learning the vi Editor)
line editors: 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed (sed & awk)
  20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs (Unix Power Tools)
  1. The vi Text Editor (Learning the vi Editor)
line function: 35.18. read: Reading from the Keyboard (Unix Power Tools)
line information commands (sed): 10.4.2. Line Information (Unix in a Nutshell)
line numbers: 2.2.3. Movement Within a Line (Learning the vi Editor)
  displaying: 3.4. Movement by Line Number (Learning the vi Editor)
    5.2.2. Defining a Range of Lines (Learning the vi Editor)
  in ex commands: 5.1. ex Commands (Learning the vi Editor)
    5.2.1. Line Addresses (Learning the vi Editor)
    ranges of lines: 5.2.2. Defining a Range of Lines (Learning the vi Editor)
      5.2.5. Redefining the Current Line Position (Learning the vi Editor)
    redefining current line: 5.2.5. Redefining the Current Line Position (Learning the vi Editor)
    relative addressing: 5.2.3. Line Addressing Symbols (Learning the vi Editor)
    symbols for: 5.2.3. Line Addressing Symbols (Learning the vi Editor)
  moving by: 3.4. Movement by Line Number (Learning the vi Editor)
  nroff/troff requests for: 12.5.9. Line Numbering (Unix in a Nutshell)
  opening files at specific: 4.2.1. Advancing to a Specific Place (Learning the vi Editor)
  resetting: 37.1.5. Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops (Unix Power Tools)
  in sed addresses: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics (Unix Power Tools)
line-oriented text editor: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
line termination characters (see newlines)
line termination in Python: 42.3.1. Indentation (Unix Power Tools)
LINEFEED character: 1.4. The Unresponsive Terminal (Learning Unix)
linefeeds (Unix), ASCII character for: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell (Unix Power Tools)
LINENO shell variable: 4.3.2. Built-in Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
LINENO variable: 9.1.1. Set Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
  9.1.2.2. ERR (Learning the Korn Shell)
lines: 2.6. Review of Basic vi Commands (Learning the vi Editor)
  (see also characters; text; words)
  addressing for batch editing: 20.3. Line Addressing (Unix Power Tools)
  breaking: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  case conversions: 2.3.4. Changing Case (Learning the vi Editor)
  collecting with :g command: 6.5.4. Collecting Lines (Learning the vi Editor)
  comparing for uniqueness: 21.20. What Is (or Isn't) Unique? (Unix Power Tools)
  continuing after breaks: 11.2.3.3. Line continuation (sed & awk)
  counting in files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  counting with wc command: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc (Unix Power Tools)
  deleting: 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed (sed & awk)
    5.4. Delete (sed & awk)
  deleting by: 2.3.5.2. Lines (Learning the vi Editor)
    undoing deletions: 2.3.5.4. Problems with deletions (Learning the vi Editor)
  deleting duplicate
    Perl script, using: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length (Unix Power Tools)
  deleting duplicates: 22.6.1. Dealing with Repeated Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  deleting in Emacs: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor (Unix Power Tools)
  ex commands for: 5.2. Editing with ex (Learning the vi Editor)
  joining: 2.5. Joining Two Lines with J (Learning the vi Editor)
  joining with join command: 21.19. Joining Lines with join (Unix Power Tools)
  length limitations: 7.3.5. More Examples of Mapping Keys (Learning the vi Editor)
    8.6.2. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
    elvis editor: 10.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
    nvi editor: 9.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
    vile editor: 12.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
    vim editor: 11.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
  macro for wrapping in vi editor: 18.13. vi Macro for Splitting Long Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  marking with ' (vile): 12.8.7. Visual Mode (Learning the vi Editor)
  matching over multiple: 3.2.7.1. Phrases (sed & awk)
  matching start/end of: 3.2.7. Positional Metacharacters (sed & awk)
    3.2.11. What's the Word? Part II (sed & awk)
  moving by: 2.2.3. Movement Within a Line (Learning the vi Editor)
    3.1.5. Movement by Line (Learning the vi Editor)
  moving to specific: 3.1.4. Movement Within a Screen (Learning the vi Editor)
    3.4. Movement by Line Number (Learning the vi Editor)
  moving within: 2.2.3. Movement Within a Line (Learning the vi Editor)
  numbering in file printout: 12.13. Numbering Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  numbering in files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  opening files at specific: 4.2.1. Advancing to a Specific Place (Learning the vi Editor)
  parsing (see parsing)
  placing C/C++ comments around (example): 7.3.5. More Examples of Mapping Keys (Learning the vi Editor)
  printing: 5.1. ex Commands (Learning the vi Editor)
  reading as input: 10.1. The getline Function (sed & awk)
  reading from standard input: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  replacing (changing): 2.3.3. Changing Text (Learning the vi Editor)
    2.3.3.2. Lines (Learning the vi Editor)
    2.3.3.4. Substituting text (Learning the vi Editor)
  searching within: 3.3.2. Current Line Searches (Learning the vi Editor)
  sorting by length: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length (Unix Power Tools)
  to start/end of (see words)
  terminating: B.2.2.1. Line termination (sed & awk)
  visible on screen, option for: 7.1.1. The :set Command (Learning the vi Editor)
  yanking: 2.3.7. Copying Text (Learning the vi Editor)
LINES and COLUMNS environment variables: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size (Unix Power Tools)
  resizing/resetting for windows: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize (Unix Power Tools)
lines (files), formatting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lines of text retained by scrollbar: 5.12. How Many Lines to Save? (Unix Power Tools)
LINES shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
LINES variable: 3.4.2.1. Editing mode variables (Learning the Korn Shell)
linewrap option (vile): 8.6.5. Left-Right Scrolling (Learning the vi Editor)
Lingua::EN::NameParse Perl module: 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name (Unix Power Tools)
link count: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
linkers/linking: 5.1.4.2. About C compilers (Learning the Korn Shell)
  C compilers and: 6.1.3.1. More about C compilers (Learning the Korn Shell)
  case statement and: 5.3. case (Learning the Korn Shell)
linking errors, -lcurses routine and: 5.2. The System Library: libSystem (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
linking files: 10.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files (Unix Power Tools)
  10.3. Files with Two or More Names (Unix Power Tools)
  creating and removing links: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links (Unix Power Tools)
  directories, linking: 10.7. Linking Directories (Unix Power Tools)
  directory, links to: 10.4.2. Links to a Directory (Unix Power Tools)
  filenames for symbolic links, showing: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
  hard links: 10.4. More About Links (Unix Power Tools)
  hard links vs. symbolic links: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
  reasons for: 10.3. Files with Two or More Names (Unix Power Tools)
  symbolic links: 10.4. More About Links (Unix Power Tools)
    stale: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
linkname, ln command and: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links (Unix Power Tools)
links
  -links operator (find command): 9.5. Searching for Old Files (Unix Power Tools)
  copying: 10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r (Unix Power Tools)
  creating for files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  disk space and: 15.4. Save Space with a Link (Unix Power Tools)
  editors: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  to .exrc files: 17.5. Local Settings for vi (Unix Power Tools)
  to filenames: 35.28. Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names (Unix Power Tools)
    36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program (Unix Power Tools)
  to files, inodes and: 14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes (Unix Power Tools)
  hard links, finding to files: 9.24. Finding the (Hard) Links to a File (Unix Power Tools)
  in long formats: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
  in text-based browsers: 6.3. Lynx, a Text-based Web Browser (Learning Unix)
  optimizing disk space with: 15.4. Save Space with a Link (Unix Power Tools)
  to programs: 35.28. Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names (Unix Power Tools)
    36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program (Unix Power Tools)
  tar -l command, printing messages about hard links: 15.7. Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  unlinking in Perl: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix (Unix Power Tools)
--lint, --lint-old options (gawk): 11.2.3.1. Command line options (sed & awk)
lint command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
Linux: 1.1. What's Special About Unix? (Unix Power Tools)
  1.3. The Core of Unix (Unix Power Tools)
  adding users to system: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User (Unix Power Tools)
  automount daemons and devfsd for removable media: 44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems (Unix Power Tools)
  backups to a local device: 38.5. How to Make Backups to a Local Device (Unix Power Tools)
    compression, advantages/disadvantages of: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip? (Unix Power Tools)
    deciding what to back up: 38.5.1. What to Back Up (Unix Power Tools)
    floppies or zip disks: 38.5.3. Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks (Unix Power Tools)
    tape: 38.5.2. Backing Up to Tape (Unix Power Tools)
    utilities for: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip? (Unix Power Tools)
  bash shell: 1.6. There Are Many Shells (Unix Power Tools)
  color names, displaying with GNU ls command: 8.6. Color ls (Unix Power Tools)
  Debian Linux
    apt-get tool: 40.6. Installing Software with Debian's Apt-Get (Unix Power Tools)
    dselect tool for accessing dpkg installation package: 40.5. Using Debian's dselect (Unix Power Tools)
    kernel boot output for devices: 44.2. Reading Kernel Boot Output (Unix Power Tools)
    single-user mode: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password (Unix Power Tools)
  devices on PCIbus, showing: 44.2. Reading Kernel Boot Output (Unix Power Tools)
  directory protection: 3.3.4. More Protection Under Linux (Learning Unix)
  disk partitions: 44.4. Disk Partitioning (Unix Power Tools)
  displaying latest entries from kernel ring buffer: 12.8. How to Look at the End of a File: tail (Unix Power Tools)
  enabling gatewaying: 46.11. Gateways and NAT (Unix Power Tools)
  groups, changing primary with newgrp: 49.6. Groups and Group Ownership (Unix Power Tools)
  HOWTO for kernel configuration: 44.3. Basic Kernel Configuration (Unix Power Tools)
  HOWTO for serial consoles: 44.14. Decapitating Your Machine — Serial Consoles (Unix Power Tools)
  HZ constant for system time updates: 37.6. How Unix Keeps Time (Unix Power Tools)
  ifconfig file output: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting (Unix Power Tools)
  info command: 2.9. The info Command (Unix Power Tools)
  info program: 8.1.2. The info Command (Learning Unix)
  installing software with RPM: 40.11. Finding and Installing RPM Packaged Software (Unix Power Tools)
  IP masquerading: 46.11. Gateways and NAT (Unix Power Tools)
  ipconfig and route files (2.4 kernels): 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting (Unix Power Tools)
  listing all processes running on: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons (Unix Power Tools)
  loadkeys command: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters (Unix Power Tools)
    6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap (Unix Power Tools)
    system-level changes to key mappings: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap (Unix Power Tools)
  mounting SMB drives onto their local filesystems with smbmnt: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba (Unix Power Tools)
  MTOOLS utilities: 4.4.6. Files on Other Operating Systems (Learning Unix)
  netstart, displaying routing information with: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting (Unix Power Tools)
  nvi-1.79 editor, locking files before editing: 36.27. Shell Lockfile (Unix Power Tools)
  OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH (Unix Power Tools)
  port, testing for: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port (Unix Power Tools)
  /proc filesystem: 48.9. The Linux proc Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
  Python, inclusion of: 42.2. Installation and Distutils (Unix Power Tools)
  Red Hat and Debian, shortcut to creating periodic processes: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc. (Unix Power Tools)
  Red Hat Linux
    adduser (or useradd) utility: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User (Unix Power Tools)
    /contrib directory, sshd.pam file: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems (Unix Power Tools)
    Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), support of: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories (Unix Power Tools)
    installing chroot with anonftp-* (RPM): 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server (Unix Power Tools)
    performance issues, shell as interpreter: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One (Unix Power Tools)
    /proc filesystem (in Version 6.2): 24.9. The /proc Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
    single user mode, accessing: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password (Unix Power Tools)
  route command: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting (Unix Power Tools)
  security, web site information on: 48.3. Keeping Up with Security Alerts (Unix Power Tools)
  signal 15 (termination): 23.3. Using jobs Effectively (Unix Power Tools)
  sound card configuration: 44.13. Dealing with Sound Cards and Other Annoying Hardware (Unix Power Tools)
  TCP wrappers: 48.12. TCP Wrappers (Unix Power Tools)
  USB devices on: 44.12. USB Configuration (Unix Power Tools)
  virtual consoles: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL (Unix Power Tools)
    23.12. Linux Virtual Consoles (Unix Power Tools)
    switching between: 5.1. There's a Lot to Know About Terminals (Unix Power Tools)
    tty-type, scrolling, and copy and paste operations: 23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse (Unix Power Tools)
  virtual machine running Windows: 47.8.1. VMWare (Unix Power Tools)
LISP programming language: 1.7. Input and Output (Learning the Korn Shell)
  5.1.1. Exit Status and Return (Learning the Korn Shell)
  Emacs customization: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List (Unix Power Tools)
list command (see l command (sed))
list command (ex): 9.2. Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
listing files
  in archives: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  to be executed: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  for current directory: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
listing files/directories: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
listing users: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lists: 41.5.2. Arrays (Unix Power Tools)
  references to: 41.5.4. References (Unix Power Tools)
listusers command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
ln command: 1.6.7. Working with Files and Directories (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  10.5. Creating and Removing Links (Unix Power Tools)
  -s option: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
  s option: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links (Unix Power Tools)
lndir program: 10.7. Linking Directories (Unix Power Tools)
lnresolve tool: 1.6.2. Apple's Command-line Developer Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
load averages, system: 26.4. Checking System Load: uptime (Unix Power Tools)
load option (xrdb): 6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb (Unix Power Tools)
loadable modules (see bundles)
loading fonts to PostScript files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
loadkeys command: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap (Unix Power Tools)
local command: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function (Unix Power Tools)
local crontab entries: 25.3. Adding crontab Entries (Unix Power Tools)
local dictionary files: 16.1. The Unix spell Command (Unix Power Tools)
local .exrc files: 7.1.3. Alternate Environments (Learning the vi Editor)
  9.4. Initialization (Learning the vi Editor)
  11.4.1. Initialization for All vim Invocations (Learning the vi Editor)
local modes, setting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
local programs: 10.7. Linking Directories (Unix Power Tools)
local variables: 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions (sed & awk)
locale
  definitions, reaching: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  getting information on: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
locale command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
localedef command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
locales: 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards (Learning the Korn Shell)
localization of strings: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
LOCAL_OPTIONS option (zsh): 29.12. Shell Function Specifics (Unix Power Tools)
locate command: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases (Unix Power Tools)
  database for: 9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database (Unix Power Tools)
  shell wildcards, matching: 9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database (Unix Power Tools)
  updating database for: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases (Unix Power Tools)
locate program: 4.4.4. Finding Files (Learning Unix)
locate tool: 1.6.9. Searching and Sorting (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
$Locker: $ keyword (RCS): 19.3.2. Keywords (Unix in a Nutshell)
lockfile command: 1.6.6. Scripting and Shell Programming (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
lockfiles, creating: 36.27. Shell Lockfile (Unix Power Tools)
locking files (RCS): 39.5. RCS Basics (Unix Power Tools)
log( ): 9.1.1. Trigonometric Functions (sed & awk)
log command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
log-file-monitoring programs
  tail -f: 12.10. How to Look at Files as They Grow (Unix Power Tools)
log files
  CVS: 39.7. CVS Basics (Unix Power Tools)
  CVS, examining for conflicting changes: 39.8. More CVS (Unix Power Tools)
  disk space and: 15.3. Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes (Unix Power Tools)
  global alias for in zsh: 29.6. zsh Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  monitoring with tail -f: 12.11. GNU tail File Following (Unix Power Tools)
  smb.conf, settings for: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba (Unix Power Tools)
log function (awk): 11.10. Alphabetical Summary of Functions and Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
LOGDIR environment variable: 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly (Unix Power Tools)
  35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
logged-in users
  displaying list: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  report on: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
logger command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
logging, messages: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
logging in: 24.2. fork and exec (Unix Power Tools)
  as another user: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  changing login sequence: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals (Unix Power Tools)
  changing to current window: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  displaying name: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  graphically: 2.2.1. A. Ready to Run X (with a Graphical Login) (Learning Unix)
  to groups: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  nongraphically: 1.1.2. Logging in Nongraphically (Learning Unix)
  prompt for: 1.1.1. Connecting to the Unix Computer (Learning Unix)
  remotely: 6.1. Remote Logins (Learning Unix)
logging in, preferences for: 2.2.1. Login Preferences (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  2.2.1. Login Preferences (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  (see also entries at startup)
logging out: 1.1.9. Logging Out (Learning Unix)
  background processes in Bourne shells, avoiding termination of: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control (Unix Power Tools)
  by killing user's login shell: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill (Unix Power Tools)
logging, timestamp with: 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers (sed & awk)
logging (xterm), elimination for security reasons: 5.17. The xterm Menus (Unix Power Tools)
logical AND (&&) operator: 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
logical expressions, evaluating: 9.12. Finding Many Things with One Command (Unix Power Tools)
logical NOT (!) operator: 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
logical operators: 36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
logical operators (csh): 5.4.1.3. Bitwise and logical operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
logical OR (||) operator: 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators (sed & awk)
login command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  5.8. Built-in C Shell Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  35.6. The PATH Environment Variable (Unix Power Tools)
.login file: 3.7. Customizing Your Account (Learning Unix)
  5.2.1. Special Files (Unix in a Nutshell)
  3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
  3.4.1. Login Shells (Unix Power Tools)
  interactive C shells and: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want? (Unix Power Tools)
  SHLVL variable, resetting: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL (Unix Power Tools)
  TERM environment variable, testing: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM (Unix Power Tools)
  terminal type, setting with qterm: 5.4. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm (Unix Power Tools)
login name, prompts and: 3.4.2.3. Prompting variables (Learning the Korn Shell)
.login script: 1.5.1. Customizing the tcsh Shell (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
login session, script command for: 1.6.10. Miscellaneous Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
login sessions (see sessions)
  customizing: 3.2.2. Customization of Your Unix Session (Unix in a Nutshell)
login shells: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In (Unix Power Tools)
  3.4. Login Shells, Interactive Shells (Unix Power Tools)
  3.19. Making a "Login" Shell (Unix Power Tools)
  bash: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
  C shell, setting up: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
  command search table, resetting for scripts: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program (Unix Power Tools)
  killing: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill (Unix Power Tools)
  Korn shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
  setup files: 3.4.1. Login Shells (Unix Power Tools)
  setup files, contents of: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files? (Unix Power Tools)
  SHELL environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
  xterm or rxvt, running on: 5.10. Login xterms and rxvts (Unix Power Tools)
  zsh shell, setting up: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
Login Window: 2.1.5. The Login Window (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
login(l) command, system-wide setup: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
logins
  disabling: 49.13. Disable logins (Unix Power Tools)
  external root login access: 49.10. Never Log In as root (Unix Power Tools)
  interactive
    starting remote X clients from: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins (Unix Power Tools)
  procedure for terminals (non-network): 24.2. fork and exec (Unix Power Tools)
  remote, stopping sessions: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions (Unix Power Tools)
  root: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts (Unix Power Tools)
  shells disallowing: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In (Unix Power Tools)
  terminal hangs during: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In (Unix Power Tools)
loginsh variable (tcsh shell): 3.4.1. Login Shells (Unix Power Tools)
loginshell variable, setting: 3.4.1. Login Shells (Unix Power Tools)
logname command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
LOGNAME environment variable: 5.3.5. Environment Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
  35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
LOGNAME variable: 3.5.1. Environment Variables (Learning the Korn Shell)
logout command: 1.1.9. Logging Out (Learning Unix)
  1.1.9. Logging Out (Learning Unix)
  5.8. Built-in C Shell Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
logout command (C shell): 35.6. The PATH Environment Variable (Unix Power Tools)
.logout file: 5.2.1. Special Files (Unix in a Nutshell)
  reading when last top-level shell exits: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want? (Unix Power Tools)
  running commands when logging out: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out (Unix Power Tools)
.logout file (C shell): 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
logout files, creating for Bourne and Korn shells: 4.18. Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout (Unix Power Tools)
.logout script: 1.5.1. Customizing the tcsh Shell (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
logout/exit commands, for XDarwin: 9.2.1. Running XDarwin from the Console (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
logouts
  accidental, from Bourne shells: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts (Unix Power Tools)
  bash shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why (Unix Power Tools)
long insertions: 2.3.8.1. Repeat (Learning the vi Editor)
  7.3.5. More Examples of Mapping Keys (Learning the vi Editor)
  8.6.2. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
  elvis editor: 10.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
  nvi editor: 9.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
  vile editor: 12.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
  vim editor: 11.8.4. Arbitrary Length Lines and Binary Data (Learning the vi Editor)
long listing (-l option): 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
long listing, ls -l command: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
look command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look" (Unix Power Tools)
  16.3. How Do I Spell That Word? (Unix Power Tools)
  df options: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word? (Unix Power Tools)
lookbib command: 17.4.3. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lookfor shell script: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word? (Unix Power Tools)
loopback mounts: 44.7. Loopback Mounts (Unix Power Tools)
loops: 7.3. Awk's Programming Model (sed & awk)
  8.2. Looping (sed & awk)
  1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell (Unix Power Tools)
  alias definition: 29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops (Unix Power Tools)
  arrays and: 8.4. Arrays (sed & awk)
  basename and dirname used with: 36.13.2. Use with Loops (Unix Power Tools)
  controlling with break and continue: 31.6. Loop Control: break and continue (Unix Power Tools)
    35.23. Loop Control: break and continue (Unix Power Tools)
  endless: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window (Unix Power Tools)
  exit status of: 36.14. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  for loops in Bourne-type shells, repeating commands with: 28.9.2. A for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  foreach loops, repeating commands with variations: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  if-then-else, putting in C shell aliases: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias (Unix Power Tools)
  iterating through arrays: 41.5.2. Arrays (Unix Power Tools)
  main input loop: 7.3. Awk's Programming Model (sed & awk)
  parameters for: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  in Perl scripts: 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
    flow-control operators: 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
  redirected input/output, line numbers reset in: 37.1.5. Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops (Unix Power Tools)
  running command and testing exit status: 35.15. Loops That Test Exit Status (Unix Power Tools)
  in shell functions: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup (Unix Power Tools)
loops in shell scripts: 7.4.1. Looping in a Shell Script (Learning the vi Editor)
loosely typed language: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types (Unix Power Tools)
lorder command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lower character class: 4.2.2. Filename Metacharacters (Unix in a Nutshell)
lowercase (see case)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lowercase, converting to uppercase: 2.3.4. Changing Case (Learning the vi Editor)
  6.3.3. Metacharacters Used in Replacement Strings (Learning the vi Editor)
lowercase letters, when logging in: 1.1.2. Logging in Nongraphically (Learning Unix)
lp command: 1.6.1.1. The working directory (Learning the Korn Shell)
  1.7.3. Pipelines (Learning the Korn Shell)
  1.7.3. Pipelines (Learning the Korn Shell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  LPDEST environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
lp program: 4.5.2. lp and lpr (Learning Unix)
lpc commands: 45.3. Printer Control with lpc (Unix Power Tools)
  exit: 45.3. Printer Control with lpc (Unix Power Tools)
  help: 45.3. Printer Control with lpc (Unix Power Tools)
  restart: 45.3. Printer Control with lpc (Unix Power Tools)
  status: 45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands (Unix Power Tools)
lpc, lpcrlf options (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpcolumns option (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpconvert option (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpd daemon: 45.8. Printing Over a Network (Unix Power Tools)
  filter scripts: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler (Unix Power Tools)
  running files through filter: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix (Unix Power Tools)
LPDEST environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
lpff, lpformfeed options (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lplines option (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpo, lpout options (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpp, lppaper options (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpq command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script (Unix Power Tools)
lpq program: 4.5.2. lp and lpr (Learning Unix)
  4.5.3.1. lpstat and lpq (Learning Unix)
lpr command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  for loop, using with: 28.13. Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters (Unix Power Tools)
  PRINTER environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables (Unix Power Tools)
  printing 10 file copies, shortcut for: 28.4. Build Strings with { } (Unix Power Tools)
:lpr command (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpr program: 4.5.2. lp and lpr (Learning Unix)
lprm command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands (Unix Power Tools)
lprm program: 4.5.3.2. cancel and lprm (Learning Unix)
lprof command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  (see also gprof command; prof command)
lprows option (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpstat command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands (Unix Power Tools)
lpstat program: 4.5.3.1. lpstat and lpq (Learning Unix)
lptest command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
lptype option (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lpw, lpwrap options (elvis): 10.10.1. Display Modes (Learning the vi Editor)
lr alias: 8.8. A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files (Unix Power Tools)
ls command: 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards (Learning the Korn Shell)
  1.6.7. Working with Files and Directories (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  1.9. Internal and External Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  -- color option: 8.6. Color ls (Unix Power Tools)
  -A option: 8.9. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a (Unix Power Tools)
    filenames beginning with . (dot): 14.16. Problems Deleting Directories (Unix Power Tools)
  -b option
    listing filenames with nonASCII characters: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name (Unix Power Tools)
    printing octal values of nonprinting characters: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
  -c option: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
  -C option (output in columns): 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R (Unix Power Tools)
  -d option (listing directories): 8.5. The ls -d Option (Unix Power Tools)
  -F option for: 3.2. Aliases (Learning the Korn Shell)
  -F (tcsh built-in): 8.6. Color ls (Unix Power Tools)
    8.6.2. Configuring It (Unix Power Tools)
  -i option: 14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes (Unix Power Tools)
  -il option: 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find (Unix Power Tools)
  -l option: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
    14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes (Unix Power Tools)
    character count for files: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc
    (Unix Power Tools)
    checking startup files for ownership: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
    (Unix Power Tools)
    file permissions and: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases
    (Unix Power Tools)
    file permissions, listing: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World
    (Unix Power Tools)
      50.11. Juggling Permissions
  (Unix Power Tools)
listing files by last modification time: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size (Unix Power Tools)

-l option for: 4.6. Command Substitution (Learning the Korn Shell)
-lai option: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
-lg option: 50.11. Juggling Permissions (Unix Power Tools)
-q option
  converting nonprinting characters to ?: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
  nonASCII characters: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name (Unix Power Tools)
-Q (quoting) option: 8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name (Unix Power Tools)
-R option (listing subdirectories): 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R (Unix Power Tools)
-s option: 9.14. Searching for Files by Size (Unix Power Tools)
-t option: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
-u option: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
aa option: 8.9. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a (Unix Power Tools)
aliases for: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  -C option: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  -F option with: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  -la (for ls -a or -A): 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  ll (for ls -l): 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
  lr: 8.8. A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files (Unix Power Tools)
color, displaying names in: 8.6. Color ls (Unix Power Tools)
  -G option: 8.6.4. Another color ls (Unix Power Tools)
filenames and: 1.13. Wildcards (Unix Power Tools)
find command, using with: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
GNU: 8.7. Some GNU ls Features (Unix Power Tools)
piping output to wc command: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc (Unix Power Tools)
shell functions with options: 29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options (Unix Power Tools)
System V Unix, nonprinting characters and: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
ls command (UNIX): 7.8.1. Getting Information About Files (sed & awk)
ls flag (for login shell): 5.10. Login xterms and rxvts (Unix Power Tools)
-ls operator (findcommand): 9.13. Searching for Files by Type (Unix Power Tools)
ls program: 1.2. Syntax of Unix Command Lines (Learning Unix)
  3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
  3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
  rm command and: 4.4.5.1. rm (Learning Unix)
lsbom tool: 1.6.3. Macintosh Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
LSCOLORS environment variable: 8.6.4. Another color ls (Unix Power Tools)
-lt arithmetic comparison operator: 5.1.4.4. Arithmetic conditionals (Learning the Korn Shell)
angle brackets (< >) (angle brackets)
  > as Bourne shell secondary prompt: 28.9.2. A for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  > (greater than) operator: 36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
    41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
  >= (greater than or equal to) operator: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
    36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
    41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
  > (redirection) operator: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too? (Unix Power Tools)
  > tcsh shell prompt: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running? (Unix Power Tools)
  >& (redirection) operator: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too? (Unix Power Tools)
  >> (Unix redirect and append) operator: 17.12. Appending to an Existing File (Unix Power Tools)
  < (less than) operator: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
    36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
    41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
  <= (less than or equal to) operator: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
    36.21.1. Syntax (Unix Power Tools)
    41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
  < redirection character: 43.2. One Argument with a cat Isn't Enough (Unix Power Tools)
  <<- operator, removing tab characters: 27.16. Here Documents (Unix Power Tools)
  <<- operator, removing TABs with: 28.13. Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters (Unix Power Tools)
  << (here document) operator: 27.16. Here Documents (Unix Power Tools)
    28.13. Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters (Unix Power Tools)
  < >, enclosing event names: 6.4. X Event Translations (Unix Power Tools)
  <-> filename wildcard: 33.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell (Unix Power Tools)
  \< \\\> regular expression metacharacters: 32.12. Regular Expressions: Matching Words with \ < and \ > (Unix Power Tools)
    32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs (Unix Power Tools)
  <=> (comparison) operator in Perl: 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
lt operator (Perl): 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
Lynch, Ken: 9.5.1. An Aqua-like X11: OroborOSX (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
Lynx web browsers: 6.3. Lynx, a Text-based Web Browser (Learning Unix)
LyX editor: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On (Unix Power Tools)
LZ77 coding: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)

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