## 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

The original Unix spell-checking program, spell (Section 15.1), is fine for quick checks of spelling in a short document, but it makes you cry out for a real spellchecker, which not only shows you the misspelled words in context, but offers to change them for you.

Go to http://examples.oreilly.com/upt3 for more information on: ispell

ispell, a very useful program that's been ported to Unix and enhanced over the years, does all this and more. Either it will be preinstalled or you'll need to install it for your Unix version.

Here's the basic usage: just as with spell, you spell check a document by giving ispell a filename. But there the similarities cease. ispell takes over your screen or window, printing two lines of context at the bottom of the screen. If your terminal can do reverse video, the offending word is highlighted. Several alternate possibilities are presented in the upper-left corner of the screen -- any word in ispell's dictionary that differs by only one letter, has a missing or extra letter, or transposed letters.

Faced with a highlighted word, you have eight choices:

SPACE
  Press the spacebar to accept the current spelling.
A
  Type `A` to accept the current spelling, now and for the rest of this input file.
I
  Type `I` to accept the current spelling now and for the rest of this input file and also to instruct ispell to add the word to your private dictionary. By default, the private dictionary is the file .ispell_words in your home directory, but it can be changed with the -p option or by setting the environment variable (Section 35.3) WORDLIST to the name of some other file. If you work with computers, this option will come in handy since we use so much jargon in this business! It makes a lot more sense to "teach" all those words to ispell than to keep being offered them for possible correction. (One gotcha: when specifying an alternate file, you must use an absolute pathname (Section 1.14), or ispell will look for the file in your home directory.)
0-9
  Type the digit corresponding to one of ispell's alternative suggestions to use that spelling instead. For example, if you've typed "hnadle," as I did when writing this article, ispell will offer `0: handle` in the upper-left corner of your screen. Typing `0` makes the change and moves on to the next misspelling, if any.
R
  Type `R` if none of ispell's offerings do the trick and you want to be prompted for a replacement. Type in the new word, and the replacement is made.
L
  Type `L` if ispell didn't make any helpful suggestions and you're at a loss as to how to spell the word correctly. ispell will prompt you for a lookup string. You can use `*` as a wildcard character (it appears to substitute for zero or one characters); ispell will print a list of matching words from its dictionary.
Q
  Type `Q` to quit, writing any changes made so far, but ignoring any misspellings later in the input file.
X
  Type `X` to quit without writing any changes.

But that's not all! ispell also saves a copy of your original file with a .bak extension, just in case you regret any of your changes. If you don't want ispell making .bak files, invoke it with the -x option.

How about this: ispell knows about capitalization. It already knows about proper names and a lot of common acronyms -- it can even handle words like "TEX" that have oddball capitalization. Speaking of TEX, ispell has special modes in which it recognizes TEX constructions.

If ispell isn't on your system by default, you should be able to find an installation of it packaged in your system's own unique software-installation packaging, discussed in Chapter 40.

In addition, you can also look for a newer spell-checking utility, aspell , based on ispell but with improved processing. Though aspell is being considered a replacement for ispell, the latter is still the most commonly found and used of the two.

-- TOR

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