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## Index: B

b (branch) command, sed editor: 34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...
  34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...
background color: 8.6.2. Configuring It
background jobs: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  bringing into foreground with fg command: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
  killing: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  listing with their job numbers: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  notification of state change in: 23.8. Notification When Jobs Change State
  putting into foreground: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  suspending with stop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
background processes: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons
  23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  exit status, testing with if statement: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
  exit status of: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
  listing with jobs command: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
  output from, stopping: 23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop
  overloading system with: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control
  preventing continuation after logout: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes
  running at lower priority with nice command: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control
  shell capabilities for manipulating: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
  stopping automatically upon attempt to write to screen: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  watching: 25.9. Waiting a Little While: sleep
backquotes (see `, under Symbols)
BACKSPACE key: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
  Emacs editor: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor
  erase character: 37.8. Cleaning script Files
  location for: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup
backup files
  bkedit script: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
  Emacs: 1.12. Filename Extensions
    19.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files
    ignoring with ls -B: 8.7. Some GNU ls Features
  file ownership and: 50.3. Who Will Own a New File?
  ispell program: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell
  macro for creation in vi editor: 18.14. File-Backup Macros
backup option (xrdb): 6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb
backups: 38.1. What Is This "Backup" Thing?
  compression, advantages and disadvantages of: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?
  cpio tape archiver: 38.13. The cpio Tape Archiver
  excluding files from: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project
  GNU tar, using with remote tape drive: 38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive
  incremental: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project
  industrial strength: 38.14. Industrial Strength Backups
  making to a local device: 38.5. How to Make Backups to a Local Device
    deciding what to back up: 38.5.1. What to Back Up
    floppies or zip disks: 38.5.3. Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks
    tape: 38.5.2. Backing Up to Tape
  making your own: 38.3. Make Your Own Backups
  protecting against accidental file deletions: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer
  RCS and CVS: 39.4. Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS
  to remote tape drive using tar: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive
  restoring files from tape with tar: 38.6. Restoring Files from Tape with tar
    remote restoring: 38.6.2. Remote Restoring
    restoring a few files: 38.6.1. Restoring a Few Files
  tar utility: 38.2. tar in a Nutshell
    absolute pathnames, avoiding: 38.11. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar
    avoiding absolute pathnames: 38.11. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar
    options for: 38.4. More Ways to Back Up
    tar command line arguments, order of: 38.12. Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order
    wildcards, using: 38.10. Using Wildcards with tar
  utilities for: 38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?
  versions control systems, using: 38.4. More Ways to Back Up
barewords used as hash keys: 41.5.3. Hashes
base64 encoding: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding
basename program: 36.13. Using basename and dirname
  bugs in: 36.13.1. Introduction to basename and dirname
  examples: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  loops, using with: 36.13.2. Use with Loops
bash (Bourne-again shell): 1.6. There Are Many Shells
  1.6. There Are Many Shells
  27.1. What the Shell Does
  { } (pattern-expansion characters): 28.4. Build Strings with { }
  aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
    29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases
  arrays
    browsing directories with: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists
    expanding ranges: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges
  bash2, built-in kill command: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?
  BASH_ENV variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
  .bashrc file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
  .bashrc or .bash_profile, hung terminals and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
  case statements: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
  choosing built-in, external, or shell functions: 27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
  command history (see history of commands)
  command-line editing: 30.14.5. bash Editing
  completion features: 28.6. Automatic Completion
    hostnames: 28.6.3. Command-Specific Completion
  disown command: 23.11. Disowning Processes
  dynamic prompts, simulating: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts
  editing history substitutions: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators
  environment variables for shell functions, changing: 29.12. Shell Function Specifics
  environment variables, unsetting: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For
  exit status of command line, reversing: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes
  exporting shell functions: 29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions
  fc -l command, listing previous commands with: 30.7. History by Number
  forcing to use internal exit command: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?
  globbing (wildcard expansion), preventing: 33.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell
  hash command: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
  history -r command, cautions about: 30.7. History by Number
  history file: 30.12.1. bash, ksh, zsh
  ignoreeof variable: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts
  job control commands: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  limiting file size: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit
  loading changed PATH: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
  login and nonlogin, startup files: 3.4.1. Login Shells
  logout file, running commands when logging out: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out
  octal character strings: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts
  parameter expansion shortcuts: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters
  passing command history to: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell
  pre-prompt commands: 4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands
    4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands
  process substitution: 28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line
  prompts: 4.2. Static Prompts
    $ in: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?
    newline (n) character in: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts
    nonprinting escape characters: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts
    showing directory stack: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd
    subshell level, showing: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL
  read-only functions: 29.12. Shell Function Specifics
  redirecting standard I/O: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output
  scripts in this book: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here
  SHLVL environment variable: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL
  showargs script: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One
  special characters/operators: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
  string editing operators: 36.7. Parameter Substitution
  stty tostop command, background jobs writing to terminal: 23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop
  terminal port type, putting into ttykind shell variable: 3.15. Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table
  ulimit -c command, removing limits on core dumps: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit
  wildcards, failing to match: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?
BASH_ENV environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables
.bash_login file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
.bash_profile file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
  CDPATH variable: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath
.bashrc file
  CDPATH variable: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath
  logout file, making all top-level interactive shells read: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?
batch editing: 20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs
  awk utility: 20.10. Quick Reference: awk
    command-line syntax: 20.10.1. Command-Line Syntax
    operators: 20.10.4. Operators
      20.10.4. Operators
    patterns and procedures: 20.10.2. Patterns and Procedures
    system variables: 20.10.3. awk System Variables
  changing many files by editing one: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
  ed editor
    example: 20.7. ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example
    failure on big files: 20.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files
  ex editor
    example: 20.7. ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example
    useful commands: 20.4. Useful ex Commands
  line addressing: 20.3. Line Addressing
  patch program: 20.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ
  running scripts in vi: 20.5. Running Editing Scripts Within vi
  scripts, writing: 20.2. Writing Editing Scripts
BEGIN and END patterns, awk: 20.10.2.1. Patterns
behead script: 21.5. Remove Mail/News Headers with behead
  21.12.2. MIME Encoding
Bell Labs research operating system (Plan 9): 1.6. There Are Many Shells
Berkeley-based Unix
  ex, vi, view, edit commands, linked to same executable file: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  group file ownership: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?
  printing commands: 45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands
  tr command, ranges in: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr
Berkeley Internet Name Daemon (bind): 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)
  DNS cache, setting up local: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)
bg command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell
  23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell
  putting jobs in background: 5.6.3. Program Waiting for Input?
bgnice option (ksh): 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window
bg_nice option (zsh): 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window
/bin directory: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
  40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
  40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
  /bin/passwd, automating: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd
  /bin/time utility: 26.2. Timing Programs
  programs in: 1.9. Internal and External Commands
  remote shell (rsh): 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh
binary characters, inserting into Emacs files: 19.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files
binary files
  accessible by users in /usr/bin subdirectory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
  archiving system test file: 38.10.3. Wildcard Gotchas in GNU tar
  encoding into ASCII: 21.12. Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII
    MIME encoding: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding
    uuencoding: 21.12.1. uuencoding
  executables, access time updates: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files
  searching for words in: 13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files
  system, in /sbin directory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
bind (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon): 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)
  DNS cache, setting up: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)
bind command: 30.14.4. ksh Editing
  -l option: 30.14.4. ksh Editing
binding operator (=~): 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching
bindkey command
  -c option: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing
  -k option: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing
  -l option: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing
  -v option: 30.14.6. zsh Editing
  tcsh editing: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing
bit bucket: 15.3. Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes
bitmaps: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package
bitwise or (|) operator: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy
bkedit script: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement
  ending and setting exit status: 35.16. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)
  parameter substitution in: 36.7. Parameter Substitution
blank lines, squashing extras: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines
blank shell prompts: 4.13. What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?
blocks
  of bytes, counting with tail -b command: 12.9. Finer Control on tail
  of code, defining in Python: 42.3.1. Indentation
  of text, defining with patterns: 17.13. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
  of related options in smb.conf files: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
body of email, forming properly: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding
bold text: 5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu
  8.6.1. Trying It
Boolean operators: 41.5.1. Scalars
  combining awk patterns with: 20.10.2.1. Patterns
/boot directory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
boot -v command: 44.2. Reading Kernel Boot Output
boundary-checking versions of C functions: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow
Bourne shells: 1.6. There Are Many Shells
  27.1. What the Shell Does
  27.3.3. Types of Shells
  (see also bash; ksh; sh; zsh)
  newlines in prompts: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts
  profile file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
  scripts in this book, running on: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here
  types of: 27.3.3. Types of Shells
branch (b) command, sed editor: 34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...
  34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...
break command: 31.6. Loop Control: break and continue
  35.23. Loop Control: break and continue
  awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
broken links: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links
browseable option (smb.conf): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba
browsers
  closing window by killing its processes: 24.22.2. Example #2: A Web Browser
  for Samba: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers
  SMB network: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers
  text copied from, reformatting: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows
BSD Unix
  file ownership: 50.14. Why Can't You Change File Ownership?
  Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, support of: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories
  group membership: 49.6. Groups and Group Ownership
  make utility, versions of: 40.3. Which make?
  nice command: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To
    26.5.2. BSD Standalone nice
    C shell: 26.5.1. BSD C Shell nice
  ps -a command: 24.7.2. BSD
  ps -aux command: 24.5. The ps Command
  ps ax command: 24.7.2. BSD
  renice command: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To
    26.7. Changing a Running Job's Niceness
  signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?
  user/group infrastructure: 49.1. Unix User/Group Infrastructure
bsplit utility: 21.9. Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split
buffer overflow, security vulnerability: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow
buffers
  edited, saving as files in vi: 17.10. Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File
  hold space in sed: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
  numbered, recovering vi editor deletions in: 17.7. Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers
  pattern space in sed: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer
  pipes, buffering of output: 43.8. Send Output Two or More Places
  recovered with vi -r, cautions about: 17.20. Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers
  vi editor, using to copy and move text: 17.6. Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text
buildhash script: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
built-in commands: 27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
  27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
  builtin command, forcing use with: 27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
  C shell, determining whether to use: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?
  faster prompt setting with: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
  shells: 1.9. Internal and External Commands
bunzip2 file decompression program: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space
button presses
  defining with xmodmap: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap
byte order, converting with dd: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd
bzip2 utility: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space
  38.4. More Ways to Back Up
  38.5.4. To gzip, or Not to gzip?

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